Author: Smriti Kanchan
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Class 9th – ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Atoms are indivisible particles which cannot be divided further. The Indian philosopher Kanada was the first to call that matter are made up of small particles called Parmanu. John Dalton called matter is made up of small particles called Atom. LAWS OF CHEMICAL COMBINATION: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS LAW OF CONSTANT PROPORTION LAW OF…
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HUMAN DEFENCE MECHANISM
To build up the body & to fight against pathogens or foreign bodies, a defence mechanism is required. There are 3 lines of defence. 1st line of defence 2nd line of defence 3rd line of defence The defense mechanism is of two types: Non specific Specific NON SPECIFIC The non specific defense system deals with…
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HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL
All blood cells arises from a type of stem cell called Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) and the process is called haematopoiesis. HSCs are pluripotent. Stem cells are self renewing. Stem cell maintain their population by cell division. Location : Bone Marrow PROGENITOR CELLS – DIFFERENTIATE INTO SPECIFIC CELL TYPES BUT HAVE LOST THE ABILITY TO…
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Tuberculosis (TB) – NEET
Causative organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis This bacteria releases tuberculin which produces the disease. Symptoms: Fever Pain in chest Sweating Rapid pulse Cough TREATMENT: BCG Vaccine is provided.
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Tetanus (Lock Jaw) – NEET
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: Clostridium tetani MODE OF INFECTION: Clostridium tetani lives in the intestine of horse and many other animals and do not infect them. Through the animal dung the spores are released in the soil. Through cuts or wounds present in the humans the spores are carried to the man. Thus once the spore enter…
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DIPTHERIA – NEET
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: Corynebacterium diphtheriae Affects child upto 5 years of age. SYMPTOMS: Mild fever Sore throat Vomiting Headache Nasal discharge have blood in it. When throat and tonsil shows a grey membrane that can result in difficulty in breathing. It can be fatal if not examined on time. Preventive measure: To give vaccination to a…
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CHOLERA – NEET
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: Vibrio cholera MODE OF INFECTION: Contaminated food or drink taken orally SYMPTOMS: Watery white stools Repeated vomiting Frequent passing of stools. TREATMENT: ORS (Oral rehydration Solution) is considered effective as most of the electrolytes and water is removed from the body.
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Typhoid – 12th & NEET
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: Salmonella typhi (gram negative bacteria, a non- spore forming bacillus) MODE OF INFECTION: Through direct contact, food, excreta from the carrier. ORGANS INFECTED: Small Intestine & Colon. INCUBATION PERIOD: 12-72 hrs. SYMPTOMS: Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Water stool Persistence increase in Fever Blood mixed with stool. Enteric fever DIAGNOSIS: Widal Test It determines…
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The Basics – Human Health & Disease
Health can be defined in certain ways, but heath is sum total of physical, mental and social well being. Social + mental + physical = health Mind plays a very important role as it influenced by neural system, endocrine & immune system. The immune system maintains our heath, thus directly or indirectly mind affects our…
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Class 9th – POTENTIAL ENERGY
The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration is called Potential Energy. EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY A stretched rubber band possesses potential energy. A raised object possesses potential energy. Water that is stored in the dam possesses potential energy.