Author: Harjeet Kaur
-
Structure of Kidney
Position of kidneys: Lie on the posterior wall of abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity (space within abdomen lined by peritoneum, a type of serous membrane i.e. a serum secreting membrane). Weight of each kidney: approx. 150 gm Size of each kidney: approx. size of a clenched fist; 4-5 inches long, 2-3 inches wide, 1 inch…
-
Introduction Urinary System
The Urinary system consists of – The kidneys perform the major functions of the urinary system. Other parts of the urinary system are mainly passageways and storage regions. Nephrology: (nephr = kidney) Scientific study of anatomy, physiology and physiology of the kidneys. Urology: (uro = urine) Branch of medicine that deals with male and female…
-
Microscopic Slides
Cell Division
-
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ
Gurmukhi Script and Punjabi Language ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਹੈ। Gurmukhi is the script of Punjabi language. ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਦੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਗੁਰੂ, ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਆਸਾ ਰਾਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਚਿਤ ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ‘ਪਟੀ ਲਿਖੀ’ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਹਨ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਗੁਰੂ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ੩੫ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਦੂਸਰੇ…
-
Punjabi – Language Family
ਅੰਗਰੇਜੀ, ਫ੍ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ, ਜਰਮਨ, ਰੂਸੀ, ਫਾਰਸੀ, ਪਸ਼ਤੋ, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, ਹਿੰਦੀ ਆਦਿ। ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, ਸਿੰਧੀ, ਹਿੰਦੀ, ਉਰਦੂ, ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨੀ, ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ, ਮਰਾਠੀ, ਉੜੀਆ, ਬਿਹਾਰੀ, ਬੰਗਾਲੀ, ਅਸਾਮੀ, ਪਹਾੜੀ ਆਦਿ। References: Book – Punjabi Bhasha Viyakaran ate Bantar (Punjabi University, Patiala). Online – https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indo-Aryan-languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages, Urdu UNESCO, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indo-Iranian-languages To return to main HighTimeStudy Punjabi Learning Page – Please click here.
-
Punjabi Alphabets Pronunciation and Writing Method
ੳ to ਹ ਕ to ਙ ਚ to ਞ ਟ to ਣ ਤ to ਨ ਪ to ਮ ਯ to ੜ Click to reach Punjabi Language Main Page
-
Punjabi Cardinal Numbers Pronunciation & Spellings
1 to 10 Cardinal Numbers 11 to 20 Cardinal Numbers 21 to 30 Cardinal Numbers 31 to 40 Cardinal Numbers 41 to 50 Cardinal Numbers 51 to 60 Cardinal Numbers 61 to 70 Cardinal Numbers 71 to 80 Cardinal Numbers 81 to 90 Cardinal Numbers 91 to 100 Cardinal Numbers Click to reach Punjabi Language…
-
Soil as Ecological Factor
Introduction Soil consists of weathered layer of Earth’s crust with products of decay of living organisms intermingled. In soil, thus, abiotic & biotic components are intimate. Soil is considered to be chief organizing centre for land ecosystems. Pedosphere: Outermost layer of earth that is composed of soil & subject to its formation. Pedogenesis: Process of…
-
Ecological Factor: Light
Introduction Light is a significant ecological factor. Quality (wavelength or colour), duration (length of day) and intensity (energy input or actual intensity measured in gram calories) of light all influence plants and animals in various ways. Both animals and plants respond to different wavelengths of light. Colour vision occurs in majority of animals including arthropods,…
-
Evolution of Horse
Classification of Modern Horses Kingdom: Animalia (Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms) Phylum: Chordata (Possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail) Class: Mammalia (Endothermic amniote possessing a neocortex, hairs, three middle ear bones and mammary glands) Order: Perissodactyla (Odd – toed ungulates) Family: Equidae (Thick skulled with stocky bodies)…